Tea in health and disease prevention (Boek)

Beschrijving‘Tea in health and disease prevention’ is een academische boek van ruim 1600 pagina’s zouden wij graag aanbieden. Helaas lijkt het momenteel alleen 2e hands beschikbaar te zijn. Een alternatief is de digitale versie die voor € 168,95 verkrijgbaar is bij uitgeverij Elseviers.Hieronder een gedetailleerd overzicht van de inhoud van dit belangrijke boek:DedicationPrefaceContributorsSection 1: Tea, Tea Drinking and VarietiesChapter 1. The Tea Plants: Botanical AspectsIntroductionClassification in CamelliaMethods of Distinguishing Types of TeaMorphological TraitsCytological MarkersChemical/Biochemical TraitsMolecular MarkersOthersSummary PointsReferencesChapter 2. Green Tea: The Plants, Processing, Manufacturing and ProductionIntroductionThe Plants: Botanical Classification and DistributionCultivationTea Harvest: Plucking and SeasonsProcessingChemistry and Biochemical Changes During Green Tea ProcessingStorage, Preparation and FlavorGlobal Green Tea ProductionSummary PointsReferencesFurther ReadingsChapter 3. White Tea: The Plants, Processing, Manufacturing, and Potential Health BenefitsIntroductionHistorical PerspectivesProcessing and Manufacturing of White TeaVarieties of White TeaHealth Benefits of White TeaSummary PointsReferencesFurther readingChapter 4. Black Tea: The Plants, Processing/Manufacturing and ProductionIntroductionThe Tea PlantProcessing/ManufacturingProductionSummary PointsReferencesChapter 5. Pu-erh Tea: Botany, Production, and ChemistryIntroductionBotany and BiogeographyProduction and PreparationChemistry and HealthSummary PointsReferencesChapter 6. Tea Flavanols: An OverviewIntroductionPhotosynthesisBiosynthesis of FlavanolsFlavanolsTeaWhy are there Flavanols in Camellia sinensis and not in Aspalathus Linearis?Summary PointsReferencesChapter 7. Analysis of Antioxidant Compounds in Different Types of TeaAbbreviationsIntroductionDetermination of Antioxidant Activity of TeaIdentification and Determination of Antioxidant Compounds in TeaSummary PointsAcknowledgmentsReferencesFurther ReadingsChapter 8. Cultivar Type and Antioxidant Potency of Tea ProductIntroductionTypes of Tea ProductChemical Composition of TeaMethods of Assaying Antioxidative CapacityAntioxidant Properties of TeaCultivar Type and Antioxidant ActivitySummary PointsReferencesChapter 9. Objective Evaluation of the Taste Intensity of Tea by Taste SensorsIntroductionMechanism of the Lipid/Polymer Membrane-Type Taste SensorEvaluation Method for Tea Taste Intensity by a Lipid/Polymer Membrane-Type Taste Sensor SystemToward the Creation of a Taste Sensor System with a Receptor FunctionSummary PointsReferencesChapter 10. Green Tea (Cv. Benifuuki) Powder and Catechins AvailabilityIntroductionBioavailability of Benifuuki Green Tea Infusion and Anti-Allergic Activity of the Tea in HumansPharmacokinetics of Plasma Catechins after the Intragastric Administration of Benifuuki Green Tea in RatsAbsorption of Catechins after Intragastric Administration in RatsThe AUC of Catechins after Oral Administration in HumansConsumption and Usage of Green Tea Powder in JapanSummary PointsReferencesSection 2: Miscellaneous Teas and Tea Types: Non-Camellia sinensisChapter 11. Herbal Teas: A Focus on Antioxidant PropertiesIntroductionSummary pointsReferencesChapter 12. Honeybush Tea (Cyclopia sp.): A Traditional South-African TisaneIntroductionBotanical Characteristics and CultivationHoneybush Tea ManufactureTraditional and Modern UseChemical Composition and Quality ControlAntioxidant Properties and Biological EffectsSummary PointsReferencesChapter 13. Mate Tea: From the Camp to the BenchIntroductionTea from I. paraguariensisPopular Culture Associated with the Consumption of I. paraguariensisRegional Consumption of I. paraguariensisBiochemical Characterization of I. paraguariensisBiological Effects of I. paraguariensis ConsumptionSummary PointsReferencesChapter 14. In Vitro Antioxidant Properties of Mediterranean Herbs and their BioactivityIntroductionIn vitro antioxidant properties of selected Mediterranean herbal infusionsBioactivity of Pelargonium purpureum aqueous extractSummary pointsAcknowledgmentsReferencesChapter 15. Bush Tea as a Herbal Beverage and Medicinal Plant in South AfricaIntroductionThe Bush Tea PlantDistribution of Bush TeaTraditional Uses of Bush TeaPotential of Bush Tea as a Health BeverageSummary PointsReferencesSection 3: Manufacturing and ProcessingChapter 16. Tea Processing and its Impact on Catechins, Theaflavin and Thearubigin FormationIntroductionThe chemistry and benefits of green teaTea processingImpact of tea processing on catechins, theaflavin and thearubigin formationConclusionSummary pointsAcknowledgmentReferencesChapter 17. Tea Processing and CarotenoidsIntroductionVariation in Carotenoid Level between Tea Cultivars and Growing SeasonsChanges in Carotenoid Level during Processing for Various TeasVariation in Carotenoid Level between Various Kinds of TeaSummary PointsReferencesChapter 18. Effect of Far-Infrared Irradiation on Catechin Contents of Green TeaIntroductionEffect of FIR Irradiation on Green Tea LeavesApplication of Far-Infrared Irradiation in the Manufacturing Process of Green TeaEffect of AN FIR Heater on the Characteristics of Green Tea during ProcessingSummary PointsReferencesSection 4: Compositional and Nutritional AspectsChapter 19. Structure and Bioactivities of Polysaccharides in Tea: Applications in Diabetes, Hyperlipidemia, Coagulation, Thrombosis, Immunology, Oxidative Stress, Radiation and Bacterial AdhesionAbbreviationsIntroductionExtraction and Isolation MethodsChemical CompositionStructure and Conformational AnalysisBiological ActivityToxicity of TPSSummary PointsReferencesChapter 20. An Overview of the Physicochemical and Bioactive Properties of Novel Tea Polysaccharide ConjugatesAbbreviationsIntroductionChemical Composition of TPCAnalysis of the Physicochemical Properties of Crude and Purified Tea Polysaccharide ConjugatesThermal Stability of Tea Polysaccharide Conjugate FractionsSuppression of Diabetes in Non-Obese Diabetic (NOD) Mice by Oral Administration of Water-Soluble and Alkali-Soluble Tea Polysaccharide ConjugatesProtecting Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells against Impairments Triggered by High GlucoseConclusions and Further ResearchSummary PointsReferencesChapter 21. Green Tea Dietary Supplements: Current Issues and Analysis MethodsAbbreviationsIntroductionInvestigations of the Quality Control of GTDSConclusionsSummary PointsReferencesChapter 22. Trace Elements in Tea (Camellia sinensis) and their BioavailabilityAbbreviationsIntroductionTrace Elements in TeaBioavailability of Trace Elements from Tea ConsumptionSummary PointsReferencesChapter 23. Tea and Iron MetabolismIntroductionIronMetabolic StudiesTea and Iron StatusConclusions (Box 3)Summary PointsReferencesChapter 24. Manganese Nutrition and Tea ConsumptionIntroductionManganese – The ElementManganese and TeaSummarySummary PointsReferencesChapter 25. Vitamin K in Green Tea LeavesIntroductionCharacterization of vitamin KSources of vitamin KEffects of vitamin KAnalysis of vitamin KSummary pointsReferencesChapter 26. Odor and Flavor Volatiles of Different Types of TeaIntroductionOdor and Flavor Volatile Components of TeasSummary PointsReferencesChapter 27. Chromatographic Development, Validation and Data Handling of Tea FingerprintsIntroductionDevelopment of FingerprintsValidation of FingerprintsData Handling of FingerprintsConcluding SummarySummary PointsAcknowledgmentsReferencesChapter 28. Steeping Time and Temperature on the Content of the Main Flavanols in Green TeaIntroductionAmount of Tea LeavesLeaf SizeSteeping TimeTemperatureAdditivesSummary pointsReferencesChapter 29. Chemistry and Biology of the Black Tea Thearubigins and of Tea FermentationIntroductionWhat are Thearubigins?Basics of Tea Fermentation ChemistryAnalysis and Characterization of ThearubiginsStructural Model for the Thearubigins: Oxidative Cascade HypothesisConfirmation of the Oxidative Cascade HypothesisConsequences of the Oxidative Cascade HypothesisQuantification of ThearubiginsBiological Activities of ThearubiginsConclusionSummary PointsAcknowledgmentReferencesChapter 30. Bioactive Phytophenolics and Antioxidant Functions of Aqueous and Organic Tea ExtractsIntroductionAntioxidant Effectiveness of Tea Extracts and Their Main Antioxidant PhytophenolicsExtraction Systems and Antioxidant EffectivenessStructure–Activity RelationshipConclusionSummary PointsReferencesChapter 31. Formation of Damascenone and its Related Compounds from Carotenoids in TeaIntroductionFormation of Damascenone from the 9’-Cis-epoxycarotenoidsFormation of Damascenone During the Tea Manufacturing ProcessFormation of Damascenone During the Production of Tea Drinks or Infusions from Processed Tea LeavesGlycosidically Bound Precursors of Damascenone in Teas and their HydrolysisPutative Functions of Volatile Carotenoid Breakdown Products in Relation to Human HealthSummary PointsReferencesChapter 32. Tea Catechins in Tissues: Analysis, Possibilities and ChallengesIntroduction: Site-related AnalysisMetabolism Makes Analysis ComplicatedOverview of Analytical StepsSummary PointsReferencesChapter 33. Intestinal Absorption and Disposition of Green Tea Catechins: The First Barrier for Green Tea Catechins Entering the BodyIntroductionOverview of the Pharmacokinetics of Green Tea CatechinsStability of Green Tea Catechins at GI TractIntestinal Absorption of Green Tea CatechinsIntestinal Metabolism of Green Tea CatechinsTransport of the Green Tea Catechin Metabolites Formed During Intestinal AbsorptionEffect of the Co-Occurring Components from Green Tea on the Intestinal Absorption and Disposition of GTCSummary PointsReferencesChapter 34. Green Tea Flavan-3-ol BioavailabilityGreen Tea Contains Very Special PolyphenolsGreen Tea Flavonoids are Modified by the Interaction with the Gastrointestinal TractThe Bioavailability of Green Tea Flavan-3-olsConclusionsSummary PointsReferencesChapter 35. L-Theanine from Green Tea: Transport and Effects on HealthIntroductionCharacteristics of L-TheanineADME (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism and Excretion) of L-TheaninePhysiological Benefits of L-TheanineSummary PointsReferencesChapter 36. Holistic Approaches to Tea Bioactivity: Interactions of Tea and Meal Components Studied In Vitro and In VivoAbbreviationsIntroductionTea Bioavailability and BioactivityIn vitro and In vivo ApproachesInteractions Between Tea Components and Dietary IronInteractions between Tea Components and Dietary ProteinsInteractions Between Tea Components and Dietary Fat and CarbohydratesSummary PointsReferencesChapter 37. Gallic Acid in Old Oolong TeaAbbreviationsIntroductionProduction of New and Old Oolong TeaPolyphenols and Gallic Acid in Oolong Tea and their Biological FunctionsDetermination of the Accumulation of Gallic Acid in Old Oolong TeaCharacterization of the Release of Gallic Acid in Old Oolong Tea by Multiple-Stage Tandem Mass SpectrometryConclusionSummary PointsReferencesChapter 38. Tea and Starch DigestibilityAbbreviationsIntroductionAssays for Measuring Starch Hydrolase Inhibition of TeaInhibition Activity of Tea on Saliva α-AMYLASETea and Pancreatic α-AMYLASE and α-GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITIONIncorporation of Tea Extracts into Starchy Food System for Regulating Starch DigestionSummary PointsReferencesChapter 39. Electronic Tongue for Tea TastingAbbreviationsIntroductionFluorometry for Amino Acids and TanninsDevelopment of a Hand-Held Fluorometer as the Electronic TongueExperimentalTheanine and Tannic Acid DeterminationTea Quality AssessmentSummary PointsReferencesChapter 40. Green Tea and Protein AvailabilityAbbreviationsIntroductionEffects of Green Tea Polyphenols on the Activities of Proteolytic EnzymesEffects of Green Tea Polyphenols on Protein AvailabilityConclusionsSummary PointsReferencesSection 5: General Protective Aspects of Tea-Related CompoundsChapter 41. Review of the Clinical Evidence on Tea Consumption and Weight LossAbbreviationsIntroductionBackgroundInterventions and OutcomesDiscussion of ModeratorsConclusionSummary PointsReferencesFurther ReadingsChapter 42. Oolong Tea and Weight LossAbbreviationsIntroductionAnti-Obesity Effects of Oolong Tea in Human StudiesAnti-Obesity Effects of Oolong Tea in Laboratory StudiesActive Components of Oolong Tea in Obesity ReductionAnti-Obesity Mechanisms of Oolong TeaComparison of the Anti-Obesity Effects of Oolong Tea and Green TeaConclusionSummary PointsReferencesFurther ReadingChapter 43. Antioxidant Functions of Green and Black TeaIntroductionAntioxidant Functions of Tea in Human StudiesOxidative Damage BiomarkersDiscussionSummary PointsAcknowledgmentsReferencesFurther ReadingChapter 44. Tea and Liver Antioxidant Capabilities in Ethanol ToxicityIntroductionGeneration of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) During Ethanol MetabolismTea Leaves as a Source of AntioxidantsTea and its Oxidative Action in the LiverSummary PointsReferencesChapter 45. Antimutagenic Activities of Tea and its Polyphenols in Bacterial Test SystemsIntroductionDetection of Antimutagenicity by the Ames TestAntimutagenic Effect of Green Tea and its PolyphenolsAntimutagenic Effect of Black Tea and its PolyphenolsComparison of the Antimutagenic Effects of Green and Black Tea and Their PolyphenolsThe Mechanism of AntimutagenicityConclusionSummary PointsReferencesChapter 46. The Modulating Influence of Tea Polyphenols on Estrogen Metabolism in Asian and Caucasian Populations: Breast Cancer PreventionIntroductionTea Polyphenols in Reducing the E2 Production: AromataseModifying Ability of TPh on the Hydroxylation Step in the Estrogen Pathway and their Antioxidant AbilityBreast Cancer Incidence in European versus Asian PopulationsBenefits of an Evolutionary Adaptation Due to a Catechol-Containing Diet in Asia – COMT PolymorphismSummary PointsAcknowledgmentReferencesChapter 47. Tea and InflammationAbbreviationsIntroductionInflammatory PathwaysInflammation-related Diseases/MarkersTeas as Anti-inflammatory AgentsSummary PointsReferencesChapter 48. Tea and Sepsis: Effects on Inflammatory CytokinesIntroductionPathogenesis of SepsisEGCG Inhibits Endotoxin-induced Cytokine ReleaseEGCG Inhibits HMGB1-induced Cytokine ReleaseEGCG Protects Against Lethal Endotoxemia and SepsisSummary PointsAcknowledgmentsCompeting Financial InterestsReferencesChapter 49. Green Tea and Protection against Helicobacter InfectionHelicobacter Infection – Clinical ImplicationsAssociation of Helicobacter Infection Rates with Disease Progression in Society Based on Dietary HabitsAssociations Specifically with Green TeaGreen Tea is Bacteriostatic against H. pylori and H. felisSummary PointsReferencesChapter 50. Black Tea (Camellia sinensis) and Bone Loss ProtectionIntroductionTea Drinking and BoneAnimal Studies on Black Tea and BoneSummary PointsReferencesChapter 51. Green Tea and Bone Health Promotion: Bone Mass and MicroarchitectureAbbreviationsIntroductionGreen Tea and Bone Tissues: Bone Turnover Biomarkers, Mass, Microstructure, and QualityAging- and Aging-Plus-Ovariectomy-Induced Bone LossAging- and Aging-Plus-Orchidectomy-Induced Bone LossChronic Inflammation-Induced Bone LossGreen Tea and Osteoblastogenesis: Evidence from In Vitro StudiesGreen Tea and Osteoclastogenesis: Evidence from In Vitro StudiesSummary PointsReferencesChapter 52. Protective Effect of Green Tea Extract on Gentamicin- and Cisplatin-Induced NephrotoxicityAbbreviationsIntroductionEffect of GT on GM- and CP-Induced Nephrotoxicity Parameters in SerumEffect of GT on GM-/CP-Induced Alterations on BBM and Lysosomal Biomarkers in Renal Tissues and Na-Dependent Transport of PiThe Effect of GT on GM-/CP-Induced Alterations of Carbohydrate Metabolism Enzymes in Renal TissuesEffect of GT on GM-/CP-Induced Oxidative StressSummary and ConclusionAcknowledgmentReferencesChapter 53. Black Tea and Prevention of Cigarette Smoke-Induced Lung DamageIntroductionBlack Tea Prevents Cigarette Smoke-Induced Oxidative Modification of ProteinsBlack Tea Prevents Oxidative Degradation of Lung Proteins of Guinea Pigs Exposed to Cigarette SmokeBlack Tea Prevents Cigarette Smoke-Induced Apoptosis in the Guinea Pig Lung In VivoBlack Tea Prevents Cigarette Smoke-Induced Lung DamageSummary PointsAcknowledgmentReferencesChapter 54. The Protective Effect of Green Tea Against Experimentally Induced Lung Fibrosis in RatsIntroductionRat StudiesThe Role of Green Tea in Paraquat-Induced Lung FibrosisSummary PointsReferencesChapter 55. Tea and Diabetes: The Laboratory and the Real WorldIntroductionThe ClaimsThe Active CompoundsThe StudiesConclusionsSummary PointsAcknowledgmentsReferencesChapter 56. Green Tea Consumption and DiabetesIntroductionGreen Tea and DiabetesConclusionsSummary PointsReferencesChapter 57. Green Tea Catechins Inhibit Glycerol-3-Phosphate DehydrogenaseIntroductionGTCs Regulate GPDH Gene Expression in Animal SystemsGTCs Regulate GPDH Activity and Gene Expression in AdipocytesGTCs Regulate GPDH Activity in Cell-Free SystemsSummary PointsAcknowledgmentsReferencesChapter 58. Green Tea and Neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s DiseaseIntroductionGreen Tea Catechins as the Major Component in Green TeaPathogenesis of AD at a GlanceHow Green Tea Protects the Brain from Neurodegeneration in ADSummary PointsAcknowledgmentReferencesChapter 59. Green Tea: Potential Benefits in Shock DiseaseAbbreviationsIntroductionShockIn Vivo StudyConclusion and Future ProspectsSummary PointsReferencesFurther ReadingChapter 60. Tea Catechins and EnduranceAbbreviationsIntroductionEndurance-Improving Effects of Tea Catechins (GTE) in BALB/C MiceInhibitory Action of Tea Catechins on the Aging-Associated Decline in Physical Performance in Senescence-Accelerated MiceEndurance-Improving Effects of Tea Catechins (GTE) in MDX MicePossible Mechanisms for the Endurance-Improving Effects of Tea Catechins (GTE)ConclusionsSummary PointsReferencesChapter 61. Tea and Metabolomics: Consequences of Tea Intake for the Human MetabolomeAbbreviationsIntroductionMethodologyTea Intake and Metabolomics: Exogenous MarkersTea Intake and Metabolomics: Endogenous MarkersConcluding RemarksSummary PointsReferencesChapter 62. Cancer Chemoprevention by Black Tea Polyphenols: Emerging Evidence and Molecular TargetsAbbreviationsIntroductionBlack Tea ConstituentsAnti-Cancer EffectsMolecular Mechanisms of the Anti-cancer Effects of Black Tea PolyphenolsEpigeneticsCombination ChemopreventionSummary PointsReferencesChapter 63. Molecular Aspects of Cancer Prevention by Green Tea: An OverviewAbbreviationsIntroductionCancer in GeneralRationale for Cancer PreventionMolecular Targets of Green TeaTargets of Green Tea in Human TrialsFuture DirectionsSummary PointsReferencesChapter 64. Protective Aspects of Tea and Prostate Cancer: Emerging EvidenceIntroductionLiterature SearchEpidemiological Evidence (1986–2000)Epidemiological Evidence (2001–present)LimitationsClinical EvidenceBiological MechanismsConclusions and Future PerspectivesSummary PointsReferencesChapter 65. Vitamin C, Lysine, Proline, Quercetin and Other Natural Components Significantly Enhance Anticancer Effects of Green TeaAbbreviationsIntroductionDefining Active CompoundsMicronutrient Synergy Enhances Bioavailability of Epigallocatechin GallateMicronutrient Synergy Enhances Anticancer Effects of Green Tea Extract In VivoMicronutrient Synergy Enhances Green Tea Extract Inhibitory Effects on MMP ExpressionMicronutrient Synergy Enhances Anti-Invasiveness Effects of Green Tea through ECM-Mediated EffectsMicronutrient Synergy Enhances Anticancer Effects of Green Tea Extract In Fibrosarcoma Cells In VitroSynergistic Antitumor Effects of NM on Fibrosarcoma In VivoNM Enhances Anticancer Effects of EGCG in Cervical CancerMicronutrient Synergy Enhances EGCG Pro-Apoptotic Effects in Leukemia CellsSummary pointsReferencesFurther ReadingChapter 66. Effect of Green Tea Extract on Hepatocellular CarcinomaIntroductionEffects of GTE on Tumor Growth, Proliferation, and HepatocarcinogenesisEffect of GTE on Apoptosis in HCC CellsEffect of GTE on Cell Cycle Arrest in HCCEffect of GTE on Oxidative Stress in HCCEffect of GTE on Angiogenesis in HCCEffect of GTE on Migration, Invasion, and Metastasis of HCCEffect of GTE on Drug Resistance Against HCCConclusionSummary PointsAcknowledgmentsReferencesChapter 67. The Effect of Tea Polyphenols on Microsatellite Instability in Colorectal CancerIntroductionMechanism and Clinical Significance of MSI in Colorectal CancerEpigenetics of Mismatch Repair Gene DeficiencyTea Polyphenols for MSI Colorectal CancerSummary PointsReferencesChapter 68. Effect of Green Tea on Nitrosamines: Implications for CancerAbbreviationsIntroductionInhibitory Effects of Green Tea Components on the Formation of NitrosaminesInhibitory Effect of Green Tea and Catechins on the Mutagenicity and Carcinogenicity of NitrosaminesSummary PointsReferencesChapter 69. MicroRNA, Breast Cancer and Green Tea Polyphenon-60AbbreviationsMICRORNASGreen Tea, Polyphenon-60 and Breast CancersMICRORNAS Associated With Breast CancersMICRORNAS and Green Tea PolyphenolsSummary PointsReferencesChapter 70. The Role of Individual Tea Compounds in Cardiovascular Protective Effects of Green and Black TeaAbbreviationsIntroductionIn vitro studiesAnimal studiesHuman studiesPerspectivesSummary pointsReferencesChapter 71. Molecular and Cellular Targets Affected by Green Tea Extracts in Vascular CellsAbbreviationsIntroductionSeveral Key Events Involved in Atherosclerosis are Affected by EGCGMolecular and Cellular Activities of EGCGModulation of Signal Transduction and Gene Expression by EGCGConclusionsSummary PointsAcknowledgmentsReferencesChapter 72. Effects of Green Tea Polyphenols under Hyperlipidemic Conditions through their Anti-Angiogenic ActivityAbbreviationsIntroductionFrom Vasculogenesis to AngiogenesisHyperlipidemia-Induced Atherosclerosis and the Role of AngiogenesisThe Role of Angiogenesis in Adipose Tissue DevelopmentGreen Tea and AngiogenesisAction of Synthetic AnalogsThe Use of Mouse Models in Angiogenesis and Green Tea InterventionPossible ComplicationsConclusionSummary PointsReferencesChapter 73. In Vitro Studies on the Responses of Healthy and Cancerous Cells Derived from Tissues of the Human Oral Cavity to Tea Theaflavins and CatechinsIntroductionTheaflavinsCatechinsCancerous versus Normal CellsSummary PointsReferencesChapter 74. Black Tea Theaflavins and Gastric Ulcer PreventionIntroductionTea as a Remedy for Gastric Ulcers: Previous StudiesBlack Tea, a Potential Anti-Ulcer Formulation: Present StudiesSummary PointsReferencesChapter 75. Effect of Green Tea on Liver Function: Carbohydrate and Lipid Management, Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes and HepatoprotectionIntroductionGreen TeaEffect on Carbohydrate and Lipid ManagementEffect on Liver Drug-Metabolizing EnzymesThe Hepatoprotective Effect of Green TeaConclusionSummary PointsReferencesChapter 76. Green Tea Extract in the Management of Hepatic FibrosisIntroductionPolyphenols and Clinical ExperienceExperimental Evidence for Hepatic Anti-Fibrotic Effects of Green Tea ExtractSummary PointsReferencesChapter 77. Effects of Green Tea Extract on Gene Expression in Human Hepatoma (HepG2) and Tongue Carcinoma (Cal-27) CellsAbbreviationsIntroductionDNA Array Analysis of Gene Induction by GTE in HepG2 CellsMolecular Mechanism for Anti-Oxidant Gene InductionThe Anti-Oxidant/Electrophile Response ElementGenes Involved in ApoptosisSummary PointsReferencesChapter 78. Green Tea Polyphenols and Skin Protection: An OverviewAbbreviationsIntroduction to Green TeaUltraviolet Light and Skin DamageGreen Tea Polyphenols and Skin Photo-ProtectionConclusionReferencesChapter 79. Effect of Green Tea Compounds on Neutral Endopeptidase Activity in Cultivated Brain CellsAbbreviationsIntroductionSummary PointsReferencesChapter 80. Subarachnoid Hemorrhage and Protective Effects of Green Tea ConsumptionAbbreviationsIntroductionGreen Tea Consumption and SAH Risk: An Epidemiological ApproachProtective Implication of Green Tea ConsumptionProtective Role of Green Tea Consumption against the Development of SAHSummary PointsReferencesSection 6: Focused Areas, Specific Tea Components and Effects on Tissue and Organ SystemsChapter 81. Metabolic Fate of Green Tea Catechins in HumansIntroductionIn vitro Drug MetabolismIn vitro Microbial MetabolismIn vivo Drug and Microbial Metabolism in HumansSummaryReferencesChapter 82. Drug Interactions with Green Tea Catechins in HumansIntroductionPharmacokinetics of Individual Catechins and their Metabolites in HumansPharmacokinetics of Mixed Catechins and Their Metabolites in HumansDrug–Drug Interactions within Mixed Catechins in HumansDrug–drug Interactions with CYP Substrates, Drugs and Food in HumansGreen Tea and Its Metabolites in PatientsSummary PointsReferencesChapter 83. Differences in the Tissue Distribution of Green Tea Compared to Black Tea PolyphenolsIntroductionBioavailability and Metabolism of Tea PolyphenolsMouse and Rat StudiesBlack Tea Compared to Green TeaTransdermal Application of Green TeaConcentration of Green Tea Polyphenols in the EyeHuman Intervention StudiesIntestinal Metabolites of Tea PolyphenolsSummary of Bioavailability StudiesSummary PointsReferencesChapter 84. Anti-Obesity Effect of Tea Catechins in Combination with ExerciseIntroductionAnti-Obesity Effect of Tea CatechinsCombined Effects of Tea Catechin Consumption and Regular Exercise on ObesityConclusionsSummary PointsReferencesChapter 85. Protective Effects of Green Tea in Metabolic SyndromeIntroductionGreen Tea CompositionGreen Tea and Metabolic Syndrome: Epidemiological Observations and Clinical (Interventional) StudiesGreen Tea and Metabolic Syndrome: Mechanisms of ActionConclusions and RecommendationsSummary PointsReferencesChapter 86. Green Tea and Control of Glutamate Dehydrogenase ActivityAbbreviationsIntroductionThe Structure of Mammalian GDHHHS: the Link Between GDH and Insulin HomeostasisInhibition of GDH-Mediated Insulin Secretion by PolyphenolsOther Possible Applications for EGCG Inhibition of GDHFuture Pharmaceutical Application of EGCG as a GDH InhibitorSummary PointsReferencesChapter 87. Pharmacokinetics of Green Tea Catechins in Maternal and Fetal Body CompartmentsAbbreviationsIntroductionMaternal PharmacokineticsGestational transferFetal distributionsPotential applicationsSummary PointsAcknowledgmentsReferencesChapter 88. Effect of Green Tea (−)-Epigallocatechin Gallate on Adipocytes: Signaling EffectsAbbreviationsIntroductionEGCG Signaling in Inhibiting fat Cell GrowthEGCG Signaling in Inducing Fat Cell ApoptosisEGCG Signaling in Inhibiting Fat Cell Adipogenesis and DifferentiationEGCG Signaling in Stimulating Fat Cell MetabolismEGCG Signaling in Altering Adipocyte Endocrine ActivitySummary PointsAcknowledgmentsReferencesChapter 89. Modulation of Pattern Recognition Receptor-Mediated Signaling Pathways by Green Tea Epigallocatechin-3-GallateAbbreviationsIntroductionPattern-Recognition ReceptorsInhibition of PRR Activation by EGCGEGCG Targets in PRR Signaling PathwaysOther Cellular Targets of EGCG and Possible Relationship with PRR InhibitionThe Regulation of PRR Signaling by Other Components in TeaSummary PointsReferencesChapter 90. Caffeine and Insulin-Independent Glucose TransportAbbreviationsIntroductionGlucose Transport in Skeletal MuscleEffect of Caffeine on Glucose TransportCaMK and Caffeine-Stimulated Glucose TransportAMPK and Insulin-Independent Glucose TransportAMPK and Caffeine-Stimulated Glucose TransportCaffeine and Upstream Kinases of AMPKCaffeine and T2DMConclusionsSummary pointsReferencesChapter 91. (−)-Epigallocatechin 3-O-Gallate (EGCG) and Kidney Interstitial FibroblastsAbbreviationsIntroductionEffects of EGCG in Kidney Interstitial Cells In VitroEffects of EGCG in Nephropathic ModelsEffects on Other Renal Cells In VitroConclusionSummary PointsReferencesChapter 92. Caffeine-Mediated ERK Phosphorylation in the Rat BrainAbbreviationsIntroductionWhy Study ERK Phosphorylation?Effects of Caffeine on ERK Phosphorylation in Cortical RegionsEffects of Caffeine on ERK Phosphorylation in Dopaminergic Mesolimbic AreasCaffeine, ERK and Synaptic PlasticitySummary PointsAcknowledgmentsReferencesChapter 93. Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) from Green Tea (Camellia sinensis) and Other Natural Products Mediate Stress Resistance and Slows Down Aging Processes in Caenorhabditis elegansAbbreviationsIntroductionEpigallocatechin Gallate and Other Tea Polyphenols Act As Multi-Target DrugsCaenorhabditis Elegans as a Model System for Pharmacological and Nutritional StudiesUnderstanding and Preventing Aging ProcessesStress and AgingNatural Products from Green Tea Promote Longevity and Stress Tolerance in C. ElegansOther Longevity-Promoting Polyphenols and Medicinal PlantsAlzheimer’s and Other Neurodegenerative DiseasesOutlookSummary PointsReferencesChapter 94. Chinese Tea and Telomere Length in Elderly Chinese MenAbbreviationsIntroductionGlobal Trends in Tea Production and ConsumptionTelomere Length as Biological Marker of AgingEffect of Tea and its Constituent Nutrients on Telomere LengthTea Consumption and Telomere Length in Elderly Chinese MenTea Consumption, Healthy Lifestyle, and Telomere LengthConclusionSummary PointsReferencesChapter 95. Human Prostate Cancer Prevention by Green Tea Catechins: Clinical Trial and Putative Molecular Mechanisms of ActionIntroductionPSA Era: Therapeutic Options and the Risk of Over-TreatmentPrevention of CaPCatechins from Green TeaPre Clinical Studies in Our LaboratoryA Proof-of-Principle Clinical Trial Showed the Anti-Cancer Efficacy of GTE in HumansPutative Molecular Mechanisms of GTE ActionGene Profiling of Responsive and Resistant GTE-Treated CaPs in the TRAMP ModelChemoprevention of CaP with GTE: ConclusionsSummary PointsAcknowledgmentsReferencesChapter 96. Effect of Green Tea Catechins on Intracellular Signaling in Breast Tissue: Implications for CancerIntroductionEpidemiological EvidenceGrowth Factor and Growth Factor ReceptorsApoptosis and Cell Cycle RegulationMotility and InvasionPotential Mechanism of ActionClinical ApplicationCombinatorial TreatmentConclusionsSummary PointsReferencesChapter 97. Caffeine, Cyclin D1 and Cell ProliferationIntroductionEffect of Caffeine on G1-S-Phase Cell Cycle ProgressionRegulation of G1-S-Phase ProgressionEffect of Caffeine on CDK4/6 ActivityMechanisms of Caffeine-Induced Akt Signaling Pathway InhibitionCaffeine as an Anti-Cancer AgentSummary PointsReferencesChapter 98. Synthetic Analogs of (−)-Epigallocatechin-Gallate: Bioavailability and Molecular Mechanisms of ActionAbbreviationsIntroductionGreen Tea Polyphenol (−)-EGCGSynthetic EGCG Analogs and Pro-Drug Forms of EGCGPre-Clinical Studies of Tea Polyphenol (−)-EGCG and its Analogs/Pro-DrugsClinical Studies of Green Tea PolyphenolsConclusionSummary PointsAcknowledgmentsReferencesChapter 99. Anti-Influenza Viral Activity of Catechins and DerivativesIntroductionInfluenzaAnti-Influenza Effects Of Green Tea Catechins and Derivatives In VitroClinical studies on catechins in influenza preventionConclusionSummary PointsReferencesChapter 100. Antibacterial – Acinetobacter baumannii – Activity of Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG)Introduction(−)-Epigallocatechin-3-GallateAnti-Pathogenic Properties of EGCGAction of EGCG against Acinetobacter baumanniiPotential Applications of EGCG against A. baumanniiConclusionsSummary PointsAcknowledgmentsReferencesChapter 101. Tea Catechins and Staphylococcus aureusIntroductionAntibiotic Resistance of S. aureusEffects of Tea Catechins on S. aureusClinical Evidence for the Effects of Tea Catechins on S. aureusSummary PointsReferencesChapter 102. (−)-Epicatechin 3-(3″-O-Methylgallate) and ( )-Catechin 3-(3″-O-Methylgallate), and their Anti-Inflammatory ActivityAbbreviationsIntroductionIsolation and Determination of the Structure of ECG3″Me (1)Chemical Synthesis of ECG3″Me (1) and its AnalogsBiological Activities of ECG3″Me (1) and Structure–Activity RelationshipsConclusionSummary PointsReferencesChapter 103. Effect of Epigallocatechin Gallate on Markers of InflammationIntroductionChemical Properties of Green Tea and Epigallocatechin-3-GallateInflammatory MarkersPutative Mechanisms Governing the Anti-Inflammatory Effect of EGCGEfficacy of GTCS and EGCG in Inflammatory Conditions Related to Cardiovascular DiseasesEffects of EGCG on Inflammatory Markers in HumansSummary PointsReferencesChapter 104. Molecular Basis for Down-Regulation of the Inflammatory Responses by Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate in MacrophagesAbbreviationsIntroductionEffects of EGCG on Regulation of TLR-Mediated Immune ResponsesAnti-Inflammatory Action of EGCG Through the Cell-Surface EGCG-Sensing MoleculeConclusionSummary PointsReferencesChapter 105. Green Tea and its Main Catechin, Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate, Provide Parasitic ProtectionAbbreviationsIntroductionMalariaBabesiosisToxoplasmosisAvian coccidiosisTrypanosomosisLeishmaniasisHelminthesThe Parasites of FishGreen Tea Extract as a MolluscicideSummary pointsReferencesChapter 106. Effects of Tea Catechins on Cardiac AllograftsIntroductionEffects of Tea Catechins on Cardiac Allografts in an Experimental ModelDiscussionSummary PointsAcknowledgmentsReferencesChapter 107. Maternal Caffeine Exposure on Fetal Cardiovascular Function and GrowthIntroductionEffect of Maternal Caffeine Exposure on Fetal CV Function and GrowthEx vivo and in vitro Caffeine Effects on Fetal Blood Pressure and Myocardial ContractionMaternal Caffeine Exposure and Adenosine Receptor FunctionEffects of Maternal Caffeine Exposure under Maternal HypoxiaImplication of the Results of the Mouse Model of Maternal Caffeine ExposureSummary PointsAcknowledgmentReferencesChapter 108. Green Tea (−)-Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate and its Effects on Pancreatic Stellate CellsIntroductionPancreatic Stellate Cells (PSCs)Activation of PSCsEffect of EGCG on PSCsEffect of EGCG on PSCs in vivoClinical Implications of EGCG in Pancreatic FibrosisSummary PointsReferencesChapter 109. Effect of Green Tea Extract and Tea Polyphenols Against Antibiotic-, Anti-Cancer Drug- and Immunosuppressant Agent-Induced Nephrotoxicity: A Focus on Cyclosporine A and TacrolimusIntroductionCyclosporine ATacrolimusConclusionsSummary PointsReferencesChapter 110. Biological Effects of Green Tea Catechins in Ocular Tissue CellsIntroductionPhysiological Effects of CatechinsToxicityOcular DisordersEffects of Catechins on Ocular Tissue CellsFurther Green Tea Extract Studies on Ocular TissuesProspectsSummary pointsReferencesSection 7: Behavior and BrainChapter 111. Tea and the Cognitive Function of Elderly People: Evidence From Neurobiology and EpidemiologyIntroductionNeuroprotective Effects of Tea: Evidence from NeurobiologyTea and the Cognitive Function of Elderly People: Evidence from EpidemiologyFuture ResearchSummary PointsReferencesChapter 112. Green Tea and Protection of the Brain Against Aging: Structural AspectsIntroductionVulnerability of the BrainThe Lysosomal Compartment and the Genesis of LipofuscinThe Role of Mitochondria in AgingGreen Tea as a NutraceuticalThe Actions of Green Tea CatechinsAging and the Hippocampal FormationGreen Tea and the Lysosomal Compartment in the HippocampusGreen Tea and MitochondriaGreen Tea and Neuronal Signaling SystemsConclusionsSummary pointsAcknowledgmentsReferencesChapter 113. Behavioral Pharmacology of CaffeineIntroductionPharmacokinetics of CaffeineMolecular Targets for the Central Effects of CaffeineBehavioral Pharmacology: Studies in HumansBehavioral Pharmacology: Studies in AnimalsAbuse Potential of CaffeineSummary PointsReferencesChapter 114. Effect of Green Tea Catechins on Cognitive Learning Ability and DementiaIntroductionGreen Tea CatechinsGreen Tea and CognitionPossible Mechanisms of Green Tea Catechin-Induced Cognitive ImprovementSummary PointsReferencesFurther ReadingChapter 115. Attention Benefits of Tea and Tea Ingredients: A Review of the Research to DateIntroductionAttentionCognitive Effects of the Tea Ingredients Caffeine and L-TheanineInteractions between Caffeine and L-TheanineAttention Benefits of TeaConclusions and RecommendationsSummary PointsAcknowledgmentsReferencesChapter 116. Green Tea and Feeling Depressed: A Promising ChallengeIntroductionEpidemiological StudiesPotential Mechanism Linking Green Tea And DepressionGreen Tea and StressFurther Studies are NecessarySummary PointsReferencesChapter 117. Anxiolytic Properties of the Green Tea Polyphenol (−)-Epigallocatechin GallateIntroductionAssessing the Anxiolytic Effect of EGCG in RodentsAction of EGCG on GABAA receptorsOther Actions of EGCG Contributing to AnxiolysisAnxiolytic effect of other components of green tea: the case of theanineConcluding RemarksSummary PointsReferencesChapter 118. Green Tea (−)-Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate and Amyloid Precursor Protein: Implications for Alzheimer’s DiseaseIntroductionGreen Tea Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG) Reduces Cerebral Amyloidosis in Alzheimer’s Transgenic Mice by Modulating Amyloid Precursor Protein ProteolysisADAM10 Activation Is Required for EGCG-Induced α-Secretase Proteolysis of Amyloid Precursor ProteinFish Oil Enhances Anti-Amyloidogenic Properties of EGCG in Alzheimer’s Transgenic MiceSummary PointsReferencesChapter 119. Nitric Oxide Synthase, Green Tea Catechins and Parkinson’s DiseaseIntroductionDoes Tea Reduce the Risk of PD?How Do Green Tea Catechins Protect People from PD?Summary pointsReferencesSection 8: Adverse Effects of Tea and Tea-Related ProductsChapter 120. Toxicity of Green Tea PolyphenolsSummary PointsReferencesChapter 121. Hepatocyte Cytotoxicity of Green Tea Phenolic Acids, Gallates, and CatechinsIntroductionAnti-Oxidant Activity of PolyphenolsPolyphenols and Prevention of Liver DamageReactive Carbonyl Scavenging Abilities of Tea Polyphenols: Implications in DiabetesPolyphenol Iron- or Copper Complex-Mediated Pro-Oxidant Cytotoxicity and Fenton’sHepatocyte Cytotoxicity Mechanisms of The Tea Polyphenols EGCG, Propyl Gallate, and Gallic AcidGSH Thiol Conjugates and EGCG Protein Cysteine ConjugatesIn Vivo EGCG Hepatotoxicity Animal StudiesClinical StudiesIn vivo or Hepatocyte-Catalyzed Phase 2 Metabolism and Cytotoxicity of EGCGConclusionsSummary PointsReferencesFurther ReadingChapter 122. Caffeine and Neurotoxicity: Implications for TeaIntroductionCaffeine Targets in the BrainEffects of Long-Term Caffeine Exposure on Receptor Binding in the BrainEffects of Caffeine on Adenosine Receptor Binding in the Brain: NeurodevelopmentBehavioral Effects of Adenosine Receptor Antagonism by CaffeineDevelopmental Caffeine Exposure and Consequences on Neurodevelopment and BehaviorIn Vitro Caffeine Exposure: Mechanisms of Neurotoxicity and NeuroprotectionAdenosine Receptor Signaling and Caffeine: Neurodegenerative DisordersSummary PointsReferencesChapter 123. Interactions of Tea Tannins with Proteins and Their Impact on Food Quality and HealthIntroductionTechniques for the Analysis of Tannin–Protein InteractionsTea Tannins, Proline-Rich Proteins and AstringencyRole of Tannin–Protein Interactions in Anti-Oxidant ActivityTherapeutic Implications of Tannin–Protein InteractionsPro-Oxidant Effects of Tea Tannins on ProteinsTannin–Protein Interactions and Blood TransportTechnological Significance of Tannin–Protein InteractionSummary PointsReferencesChapter 124. Diversity of Pesticides in TeaIntroductionThe Need to Introduce Plant Protection MeasuresPesticide DynamicsTactics of Integrated Pest ManagementResidues and Persistence of Some Pesticides in Made Tea and InfusionsRegulationAnalytical methodologySummary PointsReferencesChapter 125. Potential Toxicity of Green Tea Polyphenols in ColitisIntroductionOverview of Adverse Effects of GTPSAnimal Models of IBD and CRCToxicity of GTPS in IBD- and CRC-Model MiceConclusionSummary PointsAcknowledgmentsReferencesSection 9: Comparison of Tea and Coffee in Health and DiseaseChapter 126. Comparison of the Effects of Tea and Coffee on the Risk of Ovarian CancerIntroductionTea and Risk of Ovarian CancerCoffee and Risk of Ovarian CancerConclusionsSummary PointsReferencesChapter 127. Comparing Tea and Coffee Intake in Relation to Breast Cancer RiskIntroductionTea and Coffee ConstituentsTea and Coffee Constituents and Breast Cancer: Evidence From Basic ResearchTea and Coffee Intake and Relation to Breast Cancer: Evidence from Epidemiological StudiesSources of Inconsistencies between Studies on Black Tea and Coffee In Relation to Breast CancerFuture DirectionsImplications of Tea or Coffee as Etiological Factors in Breast CancerConclusionSummary PointsReferencesChapter 128. Impact of Green Tea and Coffee Consumption on Renal FunctionIntroductionEvaluation of Renal FunctionEffects of caffeine intake on renal functionEffect of Catechin Intake on Renal FunctionCoffee Consumption and Cardiometabolic RiskPleiotropic Effects of the Non-Caffeine Components That may be Indirectly Related to Renal FunctionCoffee Consumption and eGFRUnderlying Mechanism of Coffee Consumption and Increased eGFRSummary PointsReferencesIndex